Health and Poverty Reduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Poverty Reduction - Essay Example Pakistan is now facing a similar situation. Moreover, apart from the traditional causes of poor health, of which poverty is one reason, the steps taken towards modernity and industrializations are adding to the problems in this area. It is to the credit of Pakistan that there has been rapid industrialization over the years. But the problems associated with it pose new health issues too. One of the fallouts of industrialization in the country has been the rapid growth of cities which in turn has resulted in a shift of rural population to urban areas. According to Pappas, â€Å"the traditional health challenges of poverty, nutrition, and sanitation have remained for many in the country and have been compounded by increases in environmental and occupational problems associated with the rapid growth of cities and industries† (Pappas, 2008). Overcrowded living conditions, pollution, and other stress factors are now contributing to increased incidence of what is generally called lif estyle diseases. The new disease that is rising even among the poor includes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. The heavy rise in traffic has also resulted in a hike of casualties from road accidents also. It is clear from what has been mentioned above that the link between poverty and health issues are a hindrance to the poverty reductions strategies and policies of a nation. This is because money spent on poverty reduction programs is only one of the issues that concern the population. Unless additional spending is done for improvement of basic health and sanitation in the country, most of the efforts for poverty reduction will remain ineffective. Focusing on improving health alone is also not feasible or practical. One of the effective ways to improve the health sector in Pakistan is to ensure private sector participation: â€Å"In the majority of most poor and middle-income countries - even the most aid-dependent - the biggest source of finance in the health sector is out of pocket expenditure (OOP). This finance is mainly spent in the private sector† (Private Sector Participation in Health). Effective private sector participation that includes corporate, health personnel an d private hospitals, charities and even individuals can also help in the integrated development of health and reduction in poverty. Some initiatives like the Aga Khan Foundation (and University) do exist. More efforts in the area will augment of efforts of the government and the community.

Events Management_Evaluate the current level of understanding of Essay

Events Management_Evaluate the current level of understanding of Events Impact and Events Stakeholder Management and how it int - Essay Example Conversely, changing circumstances in each of the phases may require the events coordinator to re-visit previously completed duties. Stakeholders The complicated business environment compels event organisers to create relations with numerous stakeholders. These stakeholders each have their own desires, positions, and expectations, and businesses are confronted with stakeholder reputation risk if these requirements and expectations are not adequately addressed. Stakeholders can bring threats as well as opportunities for businesses. For example, if an organisation is well respected, stakeholders may give it more latitude to function. Conversely, a bad or lacklustre reputation can cause stakeholders to pass rules that make it harder for the organisation to carry out basic functions. Knowledge, reflection, and a basic comprehension of the desires of the organisation’s stakeholders and the reputation management procedures will profit any institution, in spite of its size or stature . There is no company that does not have stakeholders. The term ‘stakeholder’ refers to any individual or group that can somehow influence or is influenced by an institution’s actions, behaviour and performance. ... It is such reactions that are important. The positive reaction of consumers is crucial as it allows the institution to be able to depend on the consumers when it requires some financial assistance. The word ‘stakeholder management’ defines the execution and development of organisational strategies, along with practices that take into account the objectives of the institution’s stakeholders. Stakeholder Management also includes discussion, process generation, and relationship formation that occur between a business and its numerous stakeholders. Any of the stakeholders can negatively or positively affect a business’s reputation, and therefore require varied strategies to balance the situation. Research studies in the past have proven that there is much that institutions can do to constructively cater to the needs of stakeholders (McKercher, 2006). The supervision of, and relations with stakeholders require careful attention if a firm wishes to make the most of its chances, while diminishing any existing threats when handling their stakeholders. Research studies have shown that when a business initiates relationships with important stakeholders, it actually saves on future expenses by eliminating litigation costs, boycotts, pressure campaigns, or even lost income as a result of bad relationships. Good relations with workers also increase the probability that they will be contented with the business as well as their jobs (Jones, 2005). This makes them more likely endorse organisational practices while avoiding interferences in company policies. The assessment of relationships includes a two-way communication procedure with the outcome, whether positive or negative, affecting both